How to shred and recycle electronic waste from circuit boards
The types of waste PCBs are complex and diverse, and the contents of various components and substances that make up the circuit boards vary greatly, making their recycling difficult. However, the types of substances contained therein are similar, that is, they contain a large amount of ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, metallic copper, and resins. The substances in the circuit board have economic value, even the glass fiber reinforced resin with relatively low economic value. And epoxy resin, used as a powder for coatings, paving materials, etc., can also be reused as a reinforcing material or insulating adhesive material.
The mechanical treatment process and sorting technology of the circuit board recycling equipment are based on the different physical properties of the components in the waste circuit board to achieve metal recycling. The purpose of crushing is to dissociate the metal in the waste circuit board as much as possible in order to improve the separation efficiency. Shredding is usually also a pretreatment technique for other recycling methods. Generally, the metal can basically be dissociated when it is crushed to 0.6mm, but the choice of crushing method and grade depends on the subsequent process.
The waste circuit board recycling process adopts two-stage crushing technology, which uses a shearing crusher and a special grinder with shearing and impact effects, which can grind the waste board into pieces of about 0.1-0.3mm; used in the crushing stage The rotating cutter cuts the waste board into 2cm×2cm pieces, which are then sent to a hammer mill to be crushed into fine particles.
The sorting mainly uses the differences in physical properties such as magnetic, electrical and density of the materials in the waste circuit board to achieve the separation of different components. Density sorting and magnetoelectric sorting are two commonly used sorting techniques.
Density sorting is a process in which different components are stratified according to the density and particle size of various materials with the help of fluid power and various mechanical forces, so as to obtain products of different densities and different particle sizes. Currently widely used are wind shaker technology, flotation separation technology, cyclone separation technology and floating pillow separation technology.
The circuit board recycling equipment adopts physical methods for recycling, that is, the circuit board is mechanically crushed to separate the metal and non-metal materials in the circuit board, and the process technology sorts to obtain metal and non-metal, thereby realizing the method of recycling metal resources. The physical method of recycling circuit boards has the characteristics of less impact on the environment, and the amount of waste home appliances is also increasing. A large number of waste circuit boards will be generated during the dismantling of waste home appliances.
There is a large amount of metallic copper in waste circuit boards. How to effectively recycle copper? Now the main method is to pulverize the waste circuit boards and then separate them by winnowing. The physical treatment method is mainly to separate the metal and non-metal in the waste electronic products. .
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