High-temperature pyrolysis technology for waste lithium-ion batteries
Lithium battery high-temperature cracking technology requires the use of anaerobic cracking furnace (also known as high-temperature pyrolysis furnace), the gas inside this high-temperature cracking furnace using inert gas protection, high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis technology for the anaerobic pyrolysis of waste lithium-ion battery organics. This pyrolysis furnace material pyrolysis for external heating type roasting, the heat source and solid materials do not contact, for the closed system indirect heating, to ensure that the pyrolysis gas does not leak out. The pyrolysis condition is 450-600℃ inert gas atmosphere.
High temperature pyrolysis process will produce pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil (gaseous state), the main components are short-chain olefins and esters organic substances, collect pyrolysis obtained pyrolysis gas and oil, add a certain proportion of gas-assisted combustion, combustion temperature 1100 ℃, 3S, the heat released can be used for material drying and other auxiliary heating, the exhaust gas is purified and treated to meet the standard emissions.
Waste battery treatment technology generally requires pretreatment technology - is to discharge, not discharge will have the risk of explosion, so the general manufacturers of waste lithium battery recycling and processing equipment will be a pretreatment.
Used lithium battery pretreatment requires the discharge of used batteries, the main method is solution immersion, used batteries in a certain concentration of salt solution soaked for a period of time to achieve the discharge effect, this discharge method is highly efficient, and stable, low cost, suitable for small used battery discharge treatment. Large lithium battery processing and then use the solution treatment is a bit too much, usually use a certain discharge technology to deal with, charged crushing and sorting, here are the details of the "used lithium battery disassembly crushing and pretreatment process ".
After the discharge of lithium batteries will enter the low-temperature negative pressure system, after the rough selection of lithium battery material began low-temperature drying, this time can be recovered to the pole powder, in the oxygen-free cracking system, in the first paragraph has a detailed explanation. Preliminary sorting out the materials containing metal, mechanical separation method is to use different components in the battery density, magnetic and other physical property differences, using crushing, vibration screening, magnetic separation, etc., the crushed battery material screening classification, to achieve the initial separation of plastic, metal shell, copper foil aluminum foil and black powder and other electrode materials. In order to improve the separation effect, the obtained electrode materials can be further finely crushed and screened to provide high-quality raw materials for subsequent deep metal extraction.
The overall process adopts monomer charged crushing, low temperature negative pressure drying, high temperature pyrolysis, multi-component sieving and separation, copper and aluminum sorting process, the recovery rate of each component material reaches more than 95%, and the purity of electrode powder reaches 95%-98%. The process can handle ternary power lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery, through physical sorting method, to achieve efficient recovery of valuable metals of lithium battery, the products are pile head, shell, positive and negative electrode collector, positive and negative electrode powder materials in waste lithium battery.
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